Honduras; Honduras Nears Record Coffee Exports; Social Conflicts Rise Over Water and Land; Panama and Honduras Strengthen Regional Integration.

Friday, July 10, 2026. Honduras Weekly Overview Honduras continues to occupy a strategically important position in Central America, with this week’s developments reflecting the country’s ongoing efforts to strengthen governance, promote economic growth, and address long-standing security challenges. Under the administration of President Nasry Asfura, the country remains focused on improving economic conditions, attracting foreign investment, enhancing public security, and reinforcing institutional stability. As one of the region’s key transit and commercial hubs, Honduras remains heavily influenced by issues involving organized crime, migration, foreign investment, and regional diplomacy. Decisions made by the Honduran government frequently have implications beyond its borders, particularly for neighboring countries, international businesses, and organizations operating throughout Latin America. During the past week, attention has focused on a range of developments spanning public security, government policy, economic initiatives, judicial affairs, and international relations. President Asfura’s administration continues to pursue measures aimed at combating criminal organizations while balancing the need to encourage investment, strengthen public institutions, and maintain political stability. At the same time, Honduras remains actively engaged with regional and international partners on matters involving migration, infrastructure development, trade, and security cooperation. For the investigative, legal, and corporate risk communities, Honduras presents an environment where political decisions, regulatory changes, and security conditions can directly influence business operations and risk exposure. Understanding these evolving developments is essential for organizations with personnel, assets, or commercial interests in the country. This week’s summary highlights the most significant events and emerging trends that may impact the operating environment, providing readers with a concise overview of the issues shaping Honduras today. Brett Mikkelson Founder, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Private Construction in Honduras Declined 10.9% in the First Quarter Private construction in Honduras began 2026 with a weak performance. During the first quarter of the year, total built area reached 448,600 square meters, representing a 10.9% year-over-year decline, or 54,600 fewer square meters compared with the same period in 2025, according to the Covered Private Construction Survey (ECOPT) published by the Central Bank of Honduras (BCH). The primary driver of the contraction was a decline in residential construction, the segment that traditionally accounts for the largest share of the sector’s activity. According to the report, residential projects totaled 289,700 square meters, marking a 21.1% decrease compared with the first quarter of the previous year. The BCH attributed the decline mainly to lower levels of housing and apartment construction following the completion of several major residential developments in 2025. Given its significant share of overall construction activity, the residential segment had the greatest impact on the sector’s negative performance during the quarter. Commercial construction also declined. A total of 98,800 square meters was built during the quarter, representing a 7.9% year-over-year decrease. However, construction of retail premises increased 14.5%, helping offset declines in other types of commercial developments. Despite the overall downturn, several economic segments posted positive results. Buildings dedicated to services reached 25,100 square meters, driven primarily by the construction of primary and specialized healthcare facilities, including a project exceeding 2,000 square meters in San Pedro Sula, along with other complementary developments. This segment expanded 11.6% compared with the same quarter of 2025. Industrial construction also exceeded 35,000 square meters, supported by the development of industrial facilities in San Pedro Sula, Villanueva, and Choloma, while the “Other” category recorded a 54.7% increase. In terms of project volume, 2,255 new covered private construction projects were registered during the first quarter. Of these, 90.1% were residential developments, concentrated mainly in the Central District, Juticalpa, San Pedro Sula, and Santa Rosa de Copán. The remainder consisted of commercial, service, and industrial projects. Construction activity remained concentrated in Honduras’ largest urban centers. San Pedro Sula and the Central District accounted for 53% of the total built area, while cities such as Choluteca, Santa Rosa de Copán, Siguatepeque, and La Ceiba recorded notable residential, commercial, and industrial developments, reflecting that despite the sector’s slowdown, investment opportunities continue to emerge across different regions of the country. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE Who Will Buy the Presidential Aircraft? Bids to Be Opened This Friday, July 10 The sale of the presidential Embraer Legacy 600 will enter a key stage this Friday, July 10, with the opening of bids to determine the aircraft’s buyer, according to Finance Minister Emilio Hércules. The minister said the process will be conducted publicly and transparently, with the coordinated participation of the Ministry of National Defense, the General Directorate of State Assets, and the Ministry of Finance, the agencies responsible for carrying out the sale authorized by the National Congress. “From 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m., bids will be received to identify the proposal that is most beneficial for our country,” Hércules said. He explained that the sale fulfills a commitment made by President Nasry Asfura when he signed the law authorizing the disposal of the aircraft and is intended to reduce the costs associated with maintaining the presidential jet. “We expect that tomorrow, through an open, public, and transparent process, the bidder who will acquire this presidential aircraft will be selected,” he added. Hércules stated that, so far, more than seven domestic and international bidders have expressed interest in purchasing the aircraft, although he said he did not know the identities of the participants. He explained that bids will be submitted in sealed documents to ensure confidentiality during the initial stage, after which they will be opened publicly. Addressing questions about the aircraft’s technical condition, the finance minister said the government does not have specific concerns and confirmed that an assessment was conducted jointly with the Honduran Air Force before the aircraft was put up for sale. “We are not going to sell something that has defects,” Hércules said in response to reports suggesting possible mechanical issues with the aircraft. He added that, because the sale is being conducted through a public auction, the final price will depend on the highest and most advantageous bid for the State. “This is a public auction, so the final price will

Venezuela; Quake Mass Casualties; US Deportees Trapped in Collapsed Hotel; Police Arrested for Looting.

Friday, July 3, 2026. Venezuela: When Natural Disaster Meets Human Failure The events that have unfolded in Venezuela over the past week represent one of the most devastating catastrophes Latin America has faced in decades. What began as two powerful earthquakes quickly evolved into a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions. With more than 2,200 confirmed fatalities, thousands injured, and tens of thousands displaced, the death toll continues to rise as rescue teams work tirelessly through the rubble of entire communities reduced to ruins. The state of La Guaira has suffered the most extensive destruction, with widespread structural failures leaving entire neighborhoods uninhabitable. As engineers and structural experts continue their inspections, the focus has shifted beyond the sheer force of nature to the vulnerability of many of the buildings that collapsed. Investigators are examining whether deficiencies in construction materials, engineering practices, and foundation design contributed to the scale of the destruction. Should these findings be confirmed, the disaster will not be remembered solely as the result of an earthquake, but also as the consequence of years of inadequate construction standards, insufficient oversight, and systemic failures in building practices. Equally concerning are the growing questions surrounding the emergency response. While countless firefighters, medical personnel, military units, volunteers, and international rescue teams have worked around the clock to save lives, reports have emerged describing operational delays, restrictions on rescue efforts, and coordination challenges that may have hindered life-saving operations during the critical first hours after the disaster. These accounts have fueled an important discussion about whether every decision made in the immediate aftermath placed the preservation of human life above all other considerations. The lessons emerging from this tragedy extend far beyond Venezuela’s borders. Earthquakes cannot be prevented, but their consequences can often be mitigated. Sound engineering, strict enforcement of building codes, effective emergency preparedness, transparent governance, and seamless coordination among responding agencies frequently determine whether a natural disaster remains an emergency or escalates into a national catastrophe. In this special edition, we examine not only the immediate impact of these devastating earthquakes, but also the critical questions that inevitably arise once the dust begins to settle: What failed? What could have been prevented? And what lessons should governments, businesses, and communities learn to better prepare for the disasters of tomorrow? Brett Mikkelson Founder, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: The Government of Venezuela Raises the Death Toll from the Double Earthquake to 2295 The president of the Venezuelan Parliament, Jorge Rodríguez, raised this Wednesday the death toll from the double earthquake that struck northern Venezuela last week to 2,295, representing an increase of 352 deaths. According to Spain’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 26 of the deceased are Spanish, and there are still 12 people located under the rubble and 150 with whom contact has not yet been established. President Delcy Rodríguez has declared seven days of national mourning for the victims, starting this Wednesday. The injured, according to the latest official report, number 11,267, and most are being treated in hospitals in Caracas under precarious conditions. Jorge Rodríguez also indicated that 6,461 people have been rescued. In a formal ceremony, the acting president of Venezuela awarded the “Hero of Venezuela” decoration to rescue brigades from Switzerland and Italy, who are leaving the country, and highlighted the positive aspects of cooperation and friendship between peoples. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE One Week After the Earthquakes, La Guaira Adapts to the New Reality It has now been one week since the June 24 earthquakes, perhaps the greatest natural disaster in the history of Venezuela. In La Guaira, despite the arrival of humanitarian aid and rescue personnel, efforts to address the devastation left by the earthquakes are progressing very slowly. In total, seven days have passed since the attention of all Venezuela turned to La Guaira in an attempt to mitigate the impact of the earthquake. Despite this, in the coastal state, progress—although visible—does not appear to be advancing at the pace required to address the scale of the situation. Along the road from Maiquetía to Macuto, the scene is filled with displaced people who, some in tents and others in improvised structures, spend their time on the streets while waiting for some form of government solution. These are thousands of people surviving in the open, largely thanks to private donations. The presence of the state is reflected through members of the Bolivarian National Guard and the Bolivarian National Police, who are mainly responsible for managing vehicle traffic at dozens of checkpoints along Soublette Avenue. However, the scale of the tragedy is such that the presence of officials and foreign rescue workers is simply not sufficient. At each collapsed building where teams are searching for survivors and transporting bodies to the port of La Guaira—the improvised and centralized morgue—there are dozens of others where debris removal work has not yet begun. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE The Earthquake Puts Pressure on a Venezuelan Economy That Is Trying to Recover Through a Record Debt Restructuring Venezuela is facing the largest sovereign debt restructuring in history under the additional pressure of the earthquake suffered this week. The government of Delcy Rodríguez is working on a record-breaking debt restructuring that, if confirmed, would exceed in size the major restructurings of Greece or Argentina. It also comes at a delicate moment, with the country far from economic stability and the earthquake adding new spending needs to address the humanitarian emergency and reconstruction. Caracas formally launched a process in May to restructure public debt and that of Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). In fact, the government has hired Centerview Partners, with French banker Matthieu Pigasse—former Lazard executive who has participated in major sovereign restructurings—leading the negotiations. Venezuela faces a massive debt burden and a highly fragmented creditor base that includes bondholders, bilateral lenders (especially China), and holders of arbitral awards, court judgments, and oil-related commercial debt. So far, analysts estimated external debt at between $150 billion and $200 billion. If the final figure reaches $240 billion

Chile; Reconstruction Plan Advances in Congress; Haitian Children Located; OHLA Expands Santiago Metro Projects.

Friday, June 26, 2026. Chile Chile continues to navigate a series of developments that reflect the complex political, social, and institutional dynamics shaping the country today. This week’s headlines have been dominated by debates surrounding government accountability, public security, migration oversight, and historical justice, issues that continue to influence both the national conversation and the broader operating environment for businesses and investors. Among the most significant developments are the initiation of a constitutional accusation against a former cabinet minister, ongoing discussions regarding reforms to juvenile criminal responsibility laws, and investigations into the whereabouts of migrant children whose cases have raised concerns about oversight within the immigration system. These developments come alongside judicial rulings related to crimes committed during the military dictatorship and renewed political debate over the use of inclusive language in official government communications. At the same time, Chileans are closely following the progress of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, providing a welcome point of national interest amid an otherwise active and often contentious public agenda. In this edition, we examine the key events shaping Chile’s current landscape and explore their potential implications for governance, public policy, institutional stability, and the overall business environment. Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Assistance from Chilean and Mexican Experts Following the Earthquake in Venezuela: Key Factors in Rescue Operations Venezuela suffered one of the most devastating earthquakes in its history last night. Thousands of people were trapped beneath collapsed buildings. Assistance from rescue specialists from Mexico and Chile will be critical to ongoing rescue operations. Although Chile has not maintained diplomatic relations with Venezuela since 2024, Chilean President José Antonio Kast has already confirmed that his government will send humanitarian aid and deploy highly trained rescue teams experienced in complex disaster-response environments. The devastating event, consisting of two consecutive earthquakes, has left more than 200 people dead, although the death toll could rise into the thousands, according to estimates by the United States Geological Survey, due to the extensive damage inflicted on buildings and infrastructure. The powerful earthquakes, measuring 7.2 and 7.5 in magnitude, caused dozens of buildings to collapse, triggered widespread power outages, and generated panic among residents, particularly in the heavily affected La Guaira region and the capital city of Caracas. “I have just spoken by telephone with Venezuela’s Acting President, Delcy Rodríguez, to convey Chile’s solidarity during the difficult circumstances facing the Venezuelan people,” Kast said in a post on X. “We are coordinating the delivery of urgent humanitarian assistance and the deployment of rescue teams to respond to the earthquake emergency,” he added. Approximately 700,000 Venezuelans reside in Chile, making them the largest migrant community in the country. Mexico Ready to Assist For its part, the Mexican government confirmed the deployment of a military rescue team and medical personnel to Venezuela, President Claudia Sheinbaum announced. Mexican rescue teams are internationally recognized for their expertise in collapsed-structure search and rescue operations. Sheinbaum stated that, following an initial assessment, authorities would determine whether additional personnel would be required to provide further assistance. “Our solidarity is with the people of Venezuela,” Sheinbaum said during her morning press conference, where she also indicated that she would seek to communicate directly with Acting President Delcy Rodríguez. Sheinbaum explained that Venezuelan authorities have specifically requested Mexico’s support in the form of specialized rescue and medical personnel. Members of Civil Protection are currently participating in debris-removal operations and the search for survivors among buildings that collapsed during the earthquakes in the municipality of Chacao, located in eastern Caracas, Venezuela. The Mexican armed forces have spent five decades implementing disaster-response plans designed to assist civilian populations during emergencies. Mexico notably provided support to the United States when Hurricane Katia struck in 2017. Mexico City itself has experienced several powerful earthquakes throughout its history. Following the devastating 1985 earthquake, civilian volunteer groups known as “Los Topos” emerged. Topos México informed AFP that it is currently evaluating the possibility of deploying personnel to Venezuela. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE Chile’s PDI Locates 52 of 64 Haitian Children Reported as Missing: They Were With Their Families and Enrolled in School The Director of Chile’s Investigations Police (PDI), Eduardo Cerna, reported on Monday that 52 of the 64 Haitian minors have been located. According to a preliminary report from the Comptroller General’s Office, these children entered Chile from Haiti on charter flights in 2025 through the family reunification process, but officials had been unable to find them during field visits conducted in different municipalities. “They are all enrolled in school and registered in the healthcare system, and they are with their fathers, mothers, or siblings. They all have a direct connection with the adult they are living with,” Cerna stated. A week ago, Radio Biobío published the Comptroller General’s preliminary report, which indicated that there was no record of the whereabouts of the children and adolescents. The case led to a criminal complaint filed by the Director of the National Migration Service under the government of José Antonio Kast, Frank Sauerbaum, over a possible child trafficking offense. The official initially stated that there were more than 200 cases in this situation. Eugenio Campos, Director of the National Prosecutor’s Anti-Corruption Unit, also agreed, stating that the number of affected minors would be “more than 200” and that the cases corresponded only to the period between January and April of last year. However, last Friday, despite Sauerbaum’s criminal complaint, Kast’s own Defense Minister, Fernando Barros, firmly stated that “there is no evidence that these children are missing or lost.” The Comptroller General’s document reviewed a random sample of children who entered Chile under the responsibility of 12 adults with whom they had no blood relationship. They traveled on private charter flights as part of the family reunification process, which required them to be received by their parents, relatives, or legally authorized individuals who met specific requirements. According to the oversight body, there were 64 minors whom officials did not find at their registered

Panamá; JPMorgan Includes Cobre Panamá Reopening in 2027 Outlook; Panama’s Economy Grows 4.8% in Q1 2026; Panama Hosts OAS Assembly and 92 International Delegations.

Friday, June 19, 2026. Panamá Last night, our national football team took the field wearing the colors of our country and carrying the hopes of millions of Panamanians. Regardless of the final score, our players represented Panama with pride, determination, and heart. For a nation of just over four million people, competing on the international stage is never something we take for granted. Every match serves as a reminder of how far Panama has come and how much can be accomplished through hard work, discipline, and perseverance. That same spirit can be found far beyond the football field. Panama continues to play an increasingly important role in the region and around the world. As a center for commerce, logistics, finance, and transportation, our country remains a vital link connecting continents, economies, and cultures. The Panama Canal continues to serve as one of the world’s most strategic trade routes, while new investments and infrastructure projects help position the country for future growth. Of course, Panama is not without its challenges. Public debate surrounding economic issues, governance, security, and national development continues to shape the country’s future. These conversations are important, and they reflect a nation that is actively engaged in defining what comes next. While opinions may differ, the shared goal remains the same: a stronger, safer, and more prosperous Panama for future generations. In this week’s edition, we take a closer look at several of the issues and opportunities currently shaping our country. From developments affecting business and investment to matters of public interest and national importance, we hope to provide insights that help our readers better understand the changing landscape around us. Above all, this week is a celebration of Panama itself—a nation that continues to demonstrate resilience, ambition, and an unwavering ability to move forward. Whether in sports, business, public service, or entrepreneurship, Panama’s greatest strength has always been its people.  ¡Que viva Panamá! Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: How Can We Understand Panama’s Most Painful World Cup Defeat? The Red Team had more possession, controlled long stretches of the match, and came close to earning a result, but ultimately paid the price for the small details that often make all the difference. For 94 minutes, Panama was on its way to a historic result. In the end, it walked away empty-handed. The 1–0 defeat to Ghana in its World Cup debut left a strange feeling. On one hand, Thomas Christiansen’s side proved that it belongs on this stage, that it can compete toe-to-toe with quality opponents, and that it did not come to Canada merely to participate. On the other hand, it once again encountered a reality that has followed the Panamanian national team since Russia 2018: World Cups do not forgive mistakes. The final statistics reflect part of what happened. Panama finished with 68% possession compared to Ghana’s 32%. For much of the match, it was the team dictating play, building from the back, attempting to create opportunities, and constantly looking to stretch the field through the wings. However, having more possession does not always mean controlling a game. Ghana accepted a secondary role for much of the contest. Organized and disciplined, it closed down central spaces and relied on a much simpler formula: recover the ball and attack quickly in transition. That strategy ultimately decided the match when the clock had already entered stoppage time. And that raises one of the biggest questions from the night in Toronto. With a draw seemingly secured and Panama’s first-ever World Cup point within reach, Panama chose to keep pushing for victory. The team did not abandon its attacking approach, continued to push its lines forward, and kept players ahead of the ball. The ambition was admirable. The outcome was devastating. On a rapid transition, Ghana found the spaces it had been waiting for throughout the match. Caleb Yirenkyi capitalized on a lethal counterattack and silenced the Panamanian supporters in the 95th minute. The play left many with the feeling that Panama was punished precisely for trying to win. Another factor that proved more significant than expected was the departure of Adalberto Carrasquilla. “Coco” returned after weeks of physical uncertainty, and while he was on the field, he provided composure, vision, and clarity in possession. Once he left the match, Panama maintained control of the ball but lost some of its attacking sharpness. The team continued to dominate possession, yet it became increasingly difficult to find routes into the opposing penalty area. The substitutions also failed to produce the desired impact. While Ghana found solutions from the bench, Panama appeared to lose some of its competitive edge. The African side’s substitutes brought speed, energy, and aggression for the final stretch. On the other side, Panama’s changes were unable to maintain the intensity or address the defensive transition issues that were beginning to emerge. Perhaps that is where another explanation lies. This was only Panama’s fourth World Cup match in its entire history. Four matches. Four defeats. It is a harsh statistic, but it also helps explain part of the context. While teams like Ghana have accumulated decades of experience competing on this stage, Panama is still building its World Cup pedigree. These are matches that demand absolute concentration for 90 minutes, where a single decision, substitution, or poorly defended transition can ultimately determine everything. That is why this defeat hurts so much. Because this time Panama was not comprehensively outplayed. It was not a night like those against Belgium or England in Russia 2018. This time, Panama competed, challenged its opponent, showed personality, and came within seconds of earning the first World Cup point in its history. That is precisely why the blow is so difficult to digest. The good news for Christiansen is that his team showed enough quality to compete in Group L. The bad news is that the margin for error has virtually disappeared. Now Panama must recover quickly. The next challenge will be Croatia,

México; Mercado Libre’s $4.6B Investment in Mexico; 2026 World Cup to Drive Economic Growth; Banxico Strengthens Anti-Money Laundering Controls.

Friday, June 12, 2026. México As the world’s attention turns toward Mexico, the country finds itself navigating a period of significant opportunity, transformation, and challenge. As a co-host of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, Mexico is welcoming unprecedented international scrutiny while simultaneously confronting some of the most important political, economic, and security issues in recent years. Security remains at the forefront of national discussion. The Mexican government continues its aggressive campaign against organized crime, seeking to demonstrate tangible progress in combating cartel influence and restoring public confidence. Recent operations against major criminal organizations have generated both optimism and concern, as authorities work to prevent the fragmentation and retaliatory violence that often follow high-profile enforcement actions. At the same time, preparations for the World Cup have prompted one of the largest security deployments in the country’s history, with authorities determined to ensure a safe and successful international event. Beyond security, Mexico is experiencing a period of significant political evolution. The implementation of judicial reforms and recent judicial elections have sparked debate regarding the future of the country’s legal system, institutional independence, and governance. These developments are being closely monitored by both domestic observers and the international community as Mexico continues to redefine the balance between democratic accountability and judicial autonomy. Economically, Mexico remains one of the most strategically important countries in the Western Hemisphere. Ongoing discussions surrounding the 2026 review of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) have placed trade, manufacturing, supply chains, and nearshoring opportunities at the center of bilateral relations. Business leaders and investors are closely watching these negotiations, recognizing that the outcomes will influence North American competitiveness and economic growth for years to come. Meanwhile, economic indicators present a mixed picture. While Mexico continues to benefit from foreign investment, manufacturing growth, and the advantages of geographic proximity to the United States, policymakers are also facing slower economic growth projections, inflationary pressures, and broader geopolitical uncertainties. The upcoming World Cup is expected to provide a substantial boost to tourism and local economies, offering an opportunity to showcase Mexico’s resilience, culture, and economic potential on the global stage. For security professionals, investigators, and business leaders operating throughout Latin America, Mexico remains one of the region’s most influential countries—a nation where developments in public security, trade, governance, and economic policy frequently produce ripple effects far beyond its borders. Understanding these dynamics is essential to understanding the broader trends shaping the future of the region. In this week’s edition, we examine the key developments currently influencing Mexico’s security environment, political landscape, economic outlook, and international relationships. Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama. TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Mercado Libre Announces Historic $4.6 Billion Investment in Mexico, Creating 8,500 Jobs Mexico continues to be one of Mercado Libre’s most important markets. As part of its 2026 plans, the company announced a $4.6 billion investment and the creation of 8,500 new jobs in the country. The investment will be directed toward strengthening various areas of its operations, including logistics infrastructure, technology development, financial services, and workforce expansion. Through these initiatives, the company aims to broaden the reach of its e-commerce and digital payments ecosystem across Mexico. Where Will the Money Be Invested? According to the company, the $4.6 billion investment includes both capital expenditures and operating expenses. A portion of the funds will be allocated to expanding and strengthening Mercado Libre’s logistics network, while another portion will support technological development, innovation, and the growth of the financial services offered through Mercado Pago. The investment also includes initiatives to strengthen the company’s brands and enhance the operational capabilities and service reach of both Mercado Libre and Mercado Pago throughout Mexico. Mercado Libre Will Hire 8,500 Employees Alongside the investment announcement, the company revealed plans to create 8,500 new jobs in Mexico during 2026. Most of the new hires will support logistics operations, although opportunities will also be available in business teams and corporate functions across both Mercado Libre and Mercado Pago. With these additions, Mercado Libre’s workforce in Mexico is expected to exceed 42,000 employees by the end of next year. Investing in the Digital Ecosystem David Geisen, Senior Vice President of Commerce for Hispanic Markets and General Manager of Mercado Libre Mexico, stated that the investment is intended to strengthen the company’s logistics infrastructure, technological innovation, and financial solutions in the country. “We are strengthening our logistics infrastructure, innovations, and financial solutions that enable millions of Mexicans, entrepreneurs, and SMEs to grow, while ensuring our users enjoy the best possible experience,” said Geisen. According to the executive, the company remains focused on developing new tools and solutions for sellers, buyers, entrepreneurs, and small and medium-sized businesses that rely on its digital ecosystem. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE 2026 World Cup: Mexico City, Jalisco, and Nuevo León to Serve as Mexico’s Economic Engines Juan José Sierra Álvarez, President of COPARMEX, Analyzes How Mexico City, Jalisco, and Nuevo León Are Positioned to Capitalize on the Opportunities Presented by the 2026 World Cup In an interview, Juan José Sierra Álvarez, President of COPARMEX, discussed Mexico’s economic outlook ahead of the 2026 FIFA World Cup. With more than 184,000 new businesses established in Mexico City, Jalisco, and Nuevo León between 2020 and 2024, he highlighted the security, rule of law, and mobility challenges that must be addressed to ensure the tournament becomes not only a major sporting event but also a long-term investment platform. Between 2020 and 2024, Mexico City, Jalisco, and Nuevo León added approximately 184,000 new business establishments, reflecting increased investment, service-sector expansion, and growing entrepreneurial activity. Sierra emphasized that this figure not only underscores the growth of the business ecosystem in the host regions but also demonstrates the infrastructure development undertaken in preparation for the World Cup. In Mexico City alone, for example, more than 70% of businesses already identify direct economic benefits associated with the organization of the tournament. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE Decline in Investment Will Affect Economic Growth Capacity Investment in Mexico is experiencing a deeply concerning contraction. Last

Nicaragua; China Imports from Nicaragua Fall 50%; Rubio Excludes Nicaragua from U.S. Allies; UN Calls for Probe into Indigenous Leader’s Death.

Friday, June 5, 2026. Nicaragua Nicaragua, often referred to as the “Land of Lakes and Volcanoes,” is a country of remarkable contrasts, resilience, and enduring character. Situated in the heart of Central America, it is blessed with extraordinary natural beauty, from the vast waters of Lake Nicaragua, the largest lake in Central America, to dramatic volcanic chains, lush rainforests, pristine beaches on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts, and charming colonial cities that tell the story of centuries of history and cultural development. For those who have had the opportunity to visit Nicaragua, one quickly discovers that beyond its landscapes lies a warm and welcoming people whose hospitality and pride in their nation are among its greatest strengths. Today, Nicaragua continues to occupy an important place within the Central American region. While international headlines often focus on political developments and debates surrounding governance and human rights, the country itself remains far more complex than the headlines suggest. Nicaragua is a nation of entrepreneurs, farmers, business leaders, professionals, and families who continue to work toward building opportunities and prosperity despite the challenges that have shaped much of its modern history. Like many nations, Nicaragua faces obstacles, yet it also demonstrates a remarkable ability to adapt, endure, and move forward. Economically, Nicaragua has shown notable resilience in recent years. While much of the world has experienced periods of uncertainty and fluctuating growth, Nicaragua has continued to attract investment in key sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, renewable energy, construction, and tourism. Remittances from Nicaraguans living abroad continue to play a significant role in supporting families and contributing to economic activity, while ongoing infrastructure projects seek to improve transportation, connectivity, and development opportunities throughout the country. These efforts have helped position Nicaragua as an increasingly relevant participant in regional commerce and trade. Tourism remains one of the country’s most promising sectors. Travelers seeking authentic experiences are discovering Nicaragua’s unique combination of adventure, culture, and affordability. Destinations such as Granada, León, San Juan del Sur, and Ometepe Island offer visitors opportunities to explore colonial architecture, active volcanoes, world-class surfing, ecological reserves, and rich cultural traditions. Increasingly, Nicaragua is being recognized as a destination that provides many of the attractions found elsewhere in the region while retaining a sense of authenticity and tranquility that has become increasingly rare. At the same time, Nicaragua continues to navigate significant political and social challenges. The country’s leadership remains the subject of international attention, and discussions surrounding governance, democratic institutions, and civil liberties continue to be important topics both within Nicaragua and throughout the international community. These developments have influenced diplomatic relations, migration patterns, and international perceptions of the country. Nevertheless, the Nicaraguan people continue to demonstrate resilience and determination, qualities that have characterized the nation throughout its history. Migration also remains an important issue affecting many Nicaraguan families. Like several countries throughout Latin America, Nicaragua has seen citizens seek opportunities abroad, contributing to vibrant Nicaraguan communities in neighboring countries, the United States, and beyond. These communities maintain strong ties to their homeland, helping support economic growth and preserving cultural connections across borders. For members of the Council of International Investigators and the broader investigative profession, Nicaragua represents a country of growing importance within the region. Its expanding business environment, international commercial activity, legal developments, and cross-border economic relationships create opportunities for investigative professionals, security specialists, compliance experts, and risk management practitioners. Understanding Nicaragua requires looking beyond simple narratives and appreciating the complexity of a nation that continues to evolve while remaining deeply rooted in its traditions, culture, and identity. As we turn our attention to Nicaragua this week, we recognize a nation shaped by history, strengthened by adversity, and defined by the determination of its people. Whether viewed through the lens of business, security, culture, or regional development, Nicaragua remains an important and fascinating part of the Central American landscape, one whose future will undoubtedly continue to influence the region for years to come. Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Nicaragua’s Exports to China Decline During the First Quarter of 2026 Nicaragua’s exports to China fell by 50.4% during the first quarter of 2026, accounting for just 1.4% of the country’s total exports, while the United States absorbed 41.1%, according to an analysis by La Prensa based on official statistics from the Central Bank of Nicaragua. The data show that despite the political and commercial rapprochement between Daniel Ortega’s regime and Beijing, Nicaragua’s economy continued to concentrate its external sales on the U.S. market. Between January and March, Nicaragua exported goods worth USD 1.983 billion, excluding free trade zones, according to the Central Bank of Nicaragua. Of that total, the United States purchased USD 814.5 million, while China bought only USD 27.9 million, according to the analysis. The difference was also reflected in the trade balance. Nicaragua imported USD 553.4 million worth of goods from China during the quarter and, having sold only USD 27.9 million to that market, accumulated a trade deficit of USD 525.5 million with China, according to BCN data. The opposite occurred with the United States. Imports totaled USD 485.8 million, while exports reached USD 814.5 million, resulting in a trade surplus of USD 328.7 million for Nicaragua, according to the official figures cited by La Prensa. Exports to China Fell from USD 56.1 Million to USD 27.9 Million in One Year The decline in the Chinese market was measured year-over-year. Export revenues to China dropped from USD 56.1 million in the first quarter of 2025 to USD 27.9 million during the same period in 2026, according to La Prensa’s analysis based on BCN data. Conversely, exports to the United States increased from USD 435 million to USD 814.5 million over the same period. This increase of USD 379.5 million represented growth of 87.2%, according to official statistics. La Prensa argued that these figures contradict the Nicaraguan government’s narrative regarding the economic benefits of its closer relationship with China. The analysis added that Managua sought

Argentina; Three Vessels Blocked Over Ebola Outbreak; IMF Completes Program Review; Mass Consumption Falls 3.3% in 2026.

Friday, May 29, 2026. Argentina Argentina has always held a certain mystique in the eyes of the world. From the bustling avenues of Buenos Aires to the vineyards of Mendoza, from the proud traditions of the asado to the unmistakable passion of its people, Argentina remains a nation defined by resilience, identity, and pride. I have personally visited the country several times over the years and have always been struck not only by its beauty and culture, but by the warmth and loyalty of its people. Once an Argentine calls you a friend, that friendship tends to endure for life (whether you like it or not). Today, Argentina once again finds itself at the center of international attention, this time under the leadership of President Javier Milei, a man whose wild hair, unapologetic demeanor, libertarian philosophy, and complete disregard for political fashion have made him one of the most recognizable political figures in the world. Whether one agrees with all of his methods or not, there is little doubt that Milei has injected a new sense of urgency, disruption, and accountability into a country long burdened by economic instability, inflation, and political frustration. There is something uniquely Argentine about this moment. Beneath the headlines and political debates lies a country rich in natural resources, agriculture, energy potential, mining, innovation, and human talent. Argentina has always possessed the ingredients necessary for greatness; the challenge has often been governance, direction, and economic confidence. Many now believe the country may finally be beginning the difficult journey back toward stability and long-term opportunity. This week’s newsletter takes a closer look at Argentina, its current political and economic landscape, emerging risks and opportunities, and the broader implications for business, investment, and regional stability throughout Latin America. It is a country impossible to ignore, and perhaps now more than ever, a country worth watching closely. Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Under President Milei’s Austerity Measures, Disabled Argentinians Risk Losing Essential Services Analía Celis, a 34-year-old woman with an intellectual disability and cerebral palsy, cannot walk, but sports therapy has helped relieve her muscle tension. She cannot work, but baking gives her a sense of independence. She struggles to speak, but painting with her peers helps her connect without words. Now, Argentine President Javier Milei has dismantled, with his trademark chainsaw approach, the specialized therapy programs that for decades have represented a lifeline for Celis and many of the approximately 5 million Argentinians living with disabilities. In recent months, the government has frozen payments to organizations that provide therapeutic and educational services for people with disabilities. According to advocates and family members, participants have been deprived of carefully designed routines, and key elements of a social safety net once considered strong by regional standards have been dismantled. “I never imagined we would reach this point, selling our vehicles because we do not have enough money to keep the lights on,” said Martín Lucero, legal representative of the Argentine nonprofit organization Andar, which operates a day center for people with disabilities on the outskirts of Buenos Aires. Andar has been weakened to the point that it stopped offering round-trip bus transportation to the center two months ago, leaving Celis and dozens of others stranded in the sprawling Buenos Aires suburb of Moreno, where they depended on the organization’s free and customized transportation to attend classes. “The only solution cannot be to deprive a person of the space they need for their development,” Lucero said. “This is a political decision.” Since Milei took office at the end of 2023, his austerity agenda has made him an icon of the global conservative backlash against the liberal establishment. Like his allies in the Trump administration, his government has framed cuts to disability programs as part of a reform effort aimed at eliminating fraud and waste within the federal bureaucracy. A spokesperson for the president did not respond to repeated requests for comment. A system heading toward collapse Service providers for people with disabilities in Argentina — including day centers like Andar, residential programs, special education, and vocational training services — operate using revenue received through billing state insurance programs. The debts of these nonprofit organizations have mounted because of irregular government payments and reimbursement rates kept below the country’s soaring inflation. But the situation worsened six months ago, they say, when the flow of funds stopped completely. To cut costs, organizations have increasingly reduced staff, delayed salaries, cut food portions, and shortened working hours. There is no official count of how many therapeutic centers have been forced to close, but disability rights organizations estimate that as many as 50 have shut down this year, many of them in Argentina’s rural provinces. “I want to tell the president to look at us, to really see us, to come meet us,” said Roman Pontecorvo, a 28-year-old man with an intellectual disability who discovered his passion for acting at Andar. “If Andar closes, many of us will be left with nothing. It will be total chaos.” Andar says that around 30% of the 150 people with disabilities enrolled in its day program can no longer reach the center — a peaceful campus with a soccer field, vegetable garden, and professional kitchen where participants can earn a monthly salary by working for its catering service. According to therapists, without intervention programs, people with disabilities can rapidly regress. “She wakes up three or four times every night screaming that she wants to go to the farm,” said Clementina Tabares, Celis’s 74-year-old mother, who now misses her own medical appointments because Celis requires around-the-clock care. Celis spends all day in bed with a blanket covering the window to block the sunlight and loud rock music playing from her phone, occasionally moaning in distress. “She is isolating herself,” Tabares said. “That scares me.” Milei delays emergency disability law According to advocates, there is a simple solution: implementing the law passed last year that declared a state of

El Salvador; Bukele Announces Anti-Corruption Offensive; Over 75 U.S. Companies Eye Investment in El Salvador; Rising Violence Against Women Journalists in El Salvador.

Friday, May 22, 2026. El Salvador In recent years, El Salvador has become one of the most discussed countries in Latin America, not only for its aggressive security policies and dramatic reduction in gang violence, but also for its broader attempt to redefine itself economically, politically, and internationally. What was once viewed primarily through the lens of instability and criminality is now increasingly examined as a case study in state control, public security strategy, investment attraction, and geopolitical positioning. Yet beneath the headlines lies a far more complex reality. El Salvador today presents both opportunities and questions for investors, corporations, regional operators, and security professionals alike. Rapid transformation often creates equally rapid shifts in risk landscapes, legal frameworks, governance structures, and public perception. Understanding the country therefore requires moving beyond narratives of either success or criticism and instead examining the operational realities on the ground. This week’s edition explores El Salvador from a strategic risk perspective, reviewing the country’s evolving security environment, political dynamics, economic direction, business climate, and the implications these changes may carry for organizations operating in or evaluating the region. As with many emerging environments in Latin America, the key is not simply identifying risk, but understanding how risk itself is changing. Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama. TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Bukele Announces Anti-Corruption Crackdown After Declaring Victory Over Gangs in El Salvador El Salvador’s President, Nayib Bukele, announced on Tuesday the launch of an anti-corruption campaign after declaring victory in his “war” against violent gangs, which has resulted in approximately 91,000 arrests. Since March 27, 2022, Bukele has enforced a state of emergency under which tens of thousands of people have been detained without judicial warrants, a measure that human rights organizations claim has led to serious human rights violations. “We decided, or rather had to face, what was basically an open war. I have always said that we won thanks to God,” the president stated during the inauguration of the Attorney General’s Office headquarters in Antiguo Cuscatlán, on the western outskirts of San Salvador. He acknowledged that teamwork among different state institutions was essential “for us to defeat them.” Bukele recalled that gangs previously acted as “the real government” and controlled “approximately 80% of the territory” of the Central American country. After defeating the gangs, he said, “another stage now begins: law and order (…) ensuring there is no corruption.” “There is theft, smuggling, tax evasion, corruption, fraud, and environmental contamination caused by individuals and companies, and we have not eradicated that yet,” he emphasized, adding that this would be the next step. The opposition has criticized the lack of transparency in government accountability and the restrictions preventing information about detainees from being disclosed, arguing that Bukele governs with near-absolute power. Several Latin American countries are seeking to replicate Bukele’s security policies despite criticism from human rights organizations, which argue that the state of emergency allows authorities to detain individuals without judicial warrants based on accusations of gang membership or collaboration. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE Export Costs Rise, Warning Issued in El Salvador According to Coexport President Silvia Cuéllar, although the flow of Salvadoran exports has not been interrupted, trade has become more expensive. This is mainly due to the increase in freight costs on routes to Asian markets, which previously ranged between $1,300 and $2,000, but now are around $6,000, although she acknowledged that contracts are still being fulfilled. Cuéllar recalled that most Salvadoran exports, especially perishable goods, are shipped to the United States and Central America, where there has not been a “significant impact.” “We are more affected by the supplies we need to import through those routes than by exports themselves, because if I have the product, there is no problem,” the Coexport president stated during a forum organized with companies to analyze the impact of the Middle East crisis. For Cuéllar, businesses now have tools such as artificial intelligence to anticipate developments in the international market. At the same time, she recommended maintaining “constant monitoring,” short-term planning, and flexibility in contracts, given the possibility of shortages in raw materials. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE El Salvador: Alarming Increase in Violence Against Women Journalists Independent journalism in El Salvador is facing a critical period. The Association of Journalists of El Salvador (APES) has released its 2025 Press Freedom Report, titled “A Year of Journalism Under Persecution and Exile.” The document outlines a landscape of economic suffocation, state surveillance, and criminalization that has forced dozens of professionals to leave the country or continue practicing journalism under precarious and hostile conditions. One of the report’s main findings highlights the harassment of women journalists, who accounted for 20.8% of all recorded attacks in the country, totaling 89 documented cases. Key findings include: • Cases of harassment against women journalists tripled. Unlike previous periods, attacks extended beyond the digital sphere and became direct and personal, with 68.5% occurring in physical spaces and 26.9% in virtual environments. • Increase in physical violence: five cases of direct physical aggression against female reporters were documented in 2025, a category in which no incidents had been reported in 2024. • Misogynistic and sexist hostility: multiple attacks included sexist, misogynistic, homophobic, biphobic, and transphobic comments and actions aimed at delegitimizing women journalists’ presence in public spaces. No attacks of this nature were reported against male journalists. • Profile of aggressors: the main perpetrators identified in attacks against women journalists were officers of the National Civil Police (PNC), social media users, public employees, and members of the military. State Harassment and Information Deserts The APES annual report, which documents a total of 426 attacks against journalists and media outlets, shows that the apparent slight statistical decrease compared to the previous year does not represent an improvement in democratic guarantees. On the contrary, it reflects a more serious phenomenon: the vacuum and silence created by the mass exile of more than 50 professionals in 2025 due to the latent threat of arbitrary arrests by the government. “The

Guatemala; Anti-Extortion Strategy Intensifies; Transition Begins at the Public Prosecutor’s Office; Economy Grows 4.6%.

Friday, May 15, 2026. Guatemala Guatemala remains one of the most fascinating and economically important countries in Central America. Rich in culture, industry, tourism, agriculture, and entrepreneurial spirit, it is also a nation that continues to struggle with one of the region’s most difficult realities: territorial criminal control and systemic extortion. In many of the larger urban sectors and so-called “red areas,” security is not simply a matter of alarms, cameras, or guards at the front gate. For some businesses, operational continuity itself comes at a price. Delivery personnel, collection agents, transportation operators, and even small business owners are often forced to make recurring payments to local criminal groups simply to move safely through certain neighborhoods or continue operating without interference. To many readers in first-world countries, this may sound shocking. Yet historically, the concept is not entirely foreign. In many ways, it resembles the protection systems once associated with organized crime structures in cities like Chicago or New York during the height of mob influence in the United States. The difference is that in parts of Latin America today, these dynamics continue to exist openly within certain sectors and communities, creating an invisible tax on daily life, commerce, and economic growth. The criminal landscape in Guatemala is also far more complex than the simple labels often associated with the major maras. While large gang structures remain dominant symbols of criminal activity, much of the extortion economy is actually driven by localized cells, imitator groups, prison-directed networks, and independent neighborhood bandas that operate with varying degrees of sophistication and territorial influence. For companies considering expansion, investment, logistics, or personnel movement within Guatemala, understanding these realities is not about fear, it is about operational awareness. In many emerging markets, risk is not always found in headline events, but rather in the quiet, daily pressures placed upon businesses trying to function normally in environments where criminal structures have partially replaced institutional control. Brett Mikkelson Fundador, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Guatemala: Nearly 900,000 Passengers Arrive at La Aurora Airport During the First Four Months of 2026 During the first four months of 2026, Guatemala recorded sustained growth in international passenger traffic, according to information from the General Directorate of Civil Aeronautics (DGAC), cited by Noti 7. La Aurora International Airport received nearly 900,000 international passengers between January and April, reinforcing a clear trend of increasing dynamism in the Central American country’s tourism sector. According to the Noti 7 report, the DGAC stated that total international arrivals reached 869,385 passengers during the first four months of the year. This volume allowed authorities to maintain a monthly average exceeding 200,000 travelers, a figure that represents a high level of activity even outside the peak tourism season. January emerged as the strongest month of the period, with 248,934 passengers entering Guatemala through the country’s main air terminal. The DGAC report, cited by Noti 7, also detailed that 205,409 international arrivals were recorded in April. The pace of arrivals remained elevated despite April traditionally being considered a lower tourism month. These figures highlight the capacity of Guatemala’s airport infrastructure to sustain a steady and growing flow of foreign visitors. January positioned itself as the month with the highest migration activity, registering more than 248,000 international arrivals through the airport terminal. (Illustrative Image Infobae) International Departures from La Aurora Regarding departures, the DGAC reported 877,395 passengers leaving the country during the same period. January once again ranked as the busiest month, with a total of 243,759 departures. Authorities explained to Noti 7 that the difference between total arrivals and departures is due to transit and connecting passenger movements. It is worth noting that many travelers use La Aurora International Airport as a connection point to other destinations, creating a slight discrepancy between arrival and departure figures. The reported performance comes amid an international environment in which air mobility continues showing stronger dynamism compared to previous years. Authorities in the sector, supported by DGAC data, emphasized tourism’s role as a driver of the national economy and noted that the flow of international visitors directly contributes to the development of related services such as hospitality, domestic transportation, and local gastronomy. The difference of 8,010 travelers between arrivals and departures was attributed to La Aurora’s role as a regional transit and connection airport. (Illustrative Image Infobae) According to figures released by the institution, La Aurora International Airport not only maintains its relevance as Guatemala’s primary air gateway, but also demonstrates a positive trend in international traffic, an aspect authorities consider strategic for planning future investments in infrastructure and services. The DGAC reiterated that constant monitoring of airport movements allows authorities to optimize operations and respond to the needs of tourism and international travel. The institution also stated that interagency coordination and the adoption of modern technologies have contributed to the airport’s efficient management and passenger services. Additionally, the implementation of new solutions has improved security standards throughout the terminal. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE HERE Guatemala’s Economy Grew 4.6% Through March Driven by Commerce and Industry Guatemala’s Monthly Index of Economic Activity (IMAE) recorded growth of 4.6% through March 2026, according to data released by the Bank of Guatemala (Banguat), reflecting a more dynamic performance of the national economy during the first quarter of the year. According to official information, cumulative IMAE growth stood at 4.4% in March 2026, above the 3.8% reported during the same period in 2025. The performance confirms a trend of sustained expansion in the country’s productive activity and demonstrates improvement compared to previous years. The indicator also shows favorable progress compared to 2024, when economic growth reached 2.9% during the first quarter, while in 2023 it stood at 4%. For the central bank, these results reflect a dynamic macroeconomic environment with signs of stability across different productive sectors. The IMAE is one of the main indicators used to measure the short-term performance of the Guatemalan economy, as it allows authorities to monitor economic activity before annual Gross Domestic Product

Costa Rica; U.S. Revokes Visas of La Nación Executives in Costa Rica; Wave of Violence and Organized Crime; Historic Rise of Women to Power in Costa Rica.

Friday, May 8, 2026. Costa Rica Costa Rica has long projected the image of stability in Central America, a country associated with ecotourism, foreign investment, environmental leadership, and democratic continuity. Yet beneath that image, the country is entering one of the most consequential transitional periods in its modern history. This week, our focus turns toward Costa Rica as shifting political dynamics, rising security concerns, organized crime expansion, and mounting institutional tensions begin reshaping the national landscape. Once viewed almost exclusively as the “safe haven” of the region, Costa Rica now faces growing pressure from transnational criminal organizations using the country as both a logistics and export hub for narcotics trafficking. Public concern over crime and insecurity has rapidly become one of the dominant political drivers in the country.  Politically, Costa Rica has entered a new phase following the February 1, 2026 national elections, where Laura Fernández Delgado, closely aligned with outgoing President Rodrigo Chaves, secured victory amid a campaign heavily centered on security, governance reform, and institutional change. The current administration’s strong anti-crime messaging and growing criticism of the judiciary have generated both domestic support and international concern regarding democratic balance and institutional independence.  At the same time, Costa Rica continues to remain one of the strongest tourism and residency destinations in Latin America. Its renewable energy leadership, relatively educated workforce, strategic geographic position, and continued appeal to expatriates and investors maintain important economic advantages. Tourism remains a central pillar of the economy, while foreign residency demand continues to grow among North Americans and Europeans seeking political stability, environmental quality, and lifestyle migration opportunities. This week’s review will examine Costa Rica through multiple lenses: geopolitical positioning, election outcomes and political continuity, organized crime trends, tourism dependency, energy and infrastructure development, foreign investment climate, residency migration patterns, and the broader implications for regional business and risk advisory operations throughout Central America. Brett Mikkelson Founder, B.M. Investigations, Inc. – Private Investigations in Panama TOP NEWS and TIDBITS: Costa Rica Achieves an Unprecedented Rise of Women in Political Power Despite the Conservative Surge This May 8 will mark an unprecedented moment in the history of Costa Rica: a woman serving as President of the Legislative Assembly will swear in another woman as President of the Republic, Laura Fernández Delgado, only the second woman to govern the Central American country, which is nevertheless experiencing a conservative surge under outgoing President Rodrigo Chaves Robles. That moment will be possible because this Friday, ruling-party attorney Yara Jiménez becomes the fourth woman to assume the presidency of the Legislative Assembly. The election of the attorney, who served as Secretary of Government under Rodrigo Chaves until this month, is the result of the sufficient majority held by the Sovereign People’s Party (PPSO), which secured 31 seats in the February elections, allowing it to control numerous legislative decisions. It also reflects a historic milestone in Costa Rican politics: the highest number of female legislators in the country’s two centuries of independence. With 30 women and 27 men, the unicameral Legislative Assembly for the 2026–2030 term consolidates the trend toward greater female participation in national political life. Only countries with authoritarian regimes surpass Costa Rica in female parliamentary representation: Rwanda with 63.8%, Cuba with 57.2%, and Nicaragua with 55%, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Women also constitute the majority within the PPSO caucus, while the main opposition party, the National Liberation Party (PLN), has only one more man than woman. The leftist Broad Front also has a female majority, along with two single-member caucuses led by women. One of them is Claudia Dobles, former First Lady during the administration of Carlos Alvarado (2018–2022). After women’s suffrage was incorporated into the Constitution in the mid-20th century and three women were elected in 1953 — and only one in 1962 — Costa Rica gradually took steps to reduce gender gaps in positions of power. In 1986, the male-dominated Legislative Assembly, influenced by President Óscar Arias Sánchez, elected the first woman to preside over the legislature, Rose Marie Karpinsky. In the following 40 years, only two more women reached that position, although female representation steadily increased due to equality initiatives and legislation requiring political parties to maintain gender parity in candidate lists. This is how 2026 arrived to mark the milestone highlighted by Eugenia Zamora, President of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE), during her speech delivering credentials to the newly elected legislators. “It will be the first legislative body in our history composed mostly of women, the consequence not of chance or spontaneous circumstances, but of decades of struggle for a more democratic and more equal society.” Zamora herself became the first woman to lead the electoral authority in 2021. What some sectors celebrate as an achievement is not necessarily viewed the same way by the ruling movement that embodies this increased female representation. This has been explicitly stated by Pilar Cisneros, head of the ruling-party caucus during the Chaves administration, and in some ways echoed by Fernández herself. She rejected the feminine form of the title and chose to be called “president” rather than “presidenta,” as she will be sworn in on May 8. The 39-year-old political scientist takes power as a close ally of Chaves following elections widely viewed as a plebiscite on the 2022–2026 administration, with stronger support among men and older voters. “Inclusive language is associated with progressivism and is therefore targeted by this conservative sector,” explained María José Cascante, a political scientist and researcher at the University of Costa Rica specializing in gender issues. “It is not superficial; it is part of the cultural battle and something that touches deep sensitivities.” Cascante celebrates the rise in female representation as the result of affirmative policies, international commitments, and domestic activist pressure, while also warning of the strong presence of a conservative movement whose discourse explicitly rejects so-called “gender ideology,” a pejorative phrase commonly used by religious and allied groups. That sector is now part of the ruling coalition, as demonstrated by new meetings between Chaves and Fernández